An Overview of Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Pathway and Recent Updates on a Few Heterocyclic Derivatives showing COX-2 Inhibition

Abstract

Inflammation crucial part of the immune response associated with a broad range of immunological diseases. The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, which is an essential inflammatory mediator present at the internal surface of the cellular matrix, is hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2, which leads to the development of metabolites such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenases (LOXs), cyclooxygenases (Coxs) and enzymes which further develops into bioactive mediators such as prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs) and more. Cyclooxygenases produce prostaglandins, available as 2 isomorphs, COX-1(constitutive) & COX-2(inducible), targeted by NSAIDs used to treat inflammation. Yet, they have a number of negative effects that lead to market withdrawal. Research has been done to look at novel COX-2 inhibitors and safety precautions. By structural alteration at COX-2 strong receiving site, structural along with functional research on a number of selective COX-2 blockers results in the creation of novel structures that are more potent and selective against inflammation while having a very low risk of side effects. This is made possible by computer-assisted medication design. This review gives an explanation regarding the biological functionalization of several COX-2 derivatives obtained by the help of in vitro, in vivo & molecular docking for better understanding of the structures and bonding accountable for an action