Abstract
Lepidoptera are used as a model for the study of insect olfactory proteins. Among them, odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs), that degrade odorant molecules to maintain the sensitivity of antennae, have received less attention. In particular, antennal esterases (AEs; responsible for ester degradation) are crucial for intraspecific communication in Lepidoptera. Currently, transcriptomic and genomic studies have provided AEs in several species. However, efforts in gene annotation, classification, and functional assignment are still lacking. Therefore, we propose to combine evidence at evolutionary, structural, and functional level to update ODEs as well as key information into an easier classification, particularly of AEs. Finally, the kinetic parameters for putative inhibition of ODEs are discussed in terms of its role in future integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
Highlights
In insects, the detection and processing of chemical cues through olfaction is crucial for successful mating, avoidance of harmful compounds, and location of either oviposition sites or food sources (Choo et al, 2013; Li et al, 2018)
The semiochemical compounds involved in host recognition, mating, or defense behaviors are being used to manage insect pests through environmentally friendly approaches, e.g., mating disruption and mass trapping
How do insects adapt to these new environments? how their olfactory system responds to these new conditions?
Summary
The detection and processing of chemical cues through olfaction is crucial for successful mating, avoidance of harmful compounds, and location of either oviposition sites or food sources (Choo et al, 2013; Li et al, 2018). Com/), the main focus of this review is the structure and evolutionary traits of antennal esterases (AEs) in Lepidoptera, which are responsible for the degradation of acetate ester-type pheromone components This text will offer a wider spectrum of new enzymes identified through bioinformatics techniques (i.e., transcriptomic) to attach a function through further functional studies. Moths are important subjects of study within an evolutionary context due to their phenotypic plasticity, which comprises the ability of an organism ( a genotype) to respond to an environmental alteration with a change in its morphology, physiology, behavior, or life history (Moczek, 2010) These evolutionary processes are related to structural or regulatory mutations and change an amino acid in the coding region of a protein or affect the gene expression, respectively (Albre et al, 2012). It has been reported that DmelEST6 acts as an ODE with activity toward food esters, such as propyl, hexyl, heptyl, nonyl, decyl, neryl, and geranyl
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