An Overview Evaluation of Bacterial Infection and Bacterial Contamination at the Hospital Environment and Antibiogram for the Isolated Pathogens at Al Kufra Teaching Hospital, Libya

Abstract

Background/Aims: Infectious diseases are the major public health problem worldwide. The medical services into the Southern Libyan sub-Saharan hospitals do not receive much attention in knowing the infection rates of pathogenic bacteria coming to the hospital, as well as there is not much information available about the hospital infection control application system. This study was performed to evaluate the infectious disease received to Al Kufra teaching hospital and determination the hospital risk factors involved in hospital-acquired infection. Materials and Methods: The screening was performed to investigate the distribution of potential pathogens among 157 samples collected from the four hospital wards including intensive care unit, the pediatric ward, male and female surgical ward from the hospitalizes patients, medical staff and hospital workers, and across different hospital facilities. Results: The bedsores swabs and urine samples showed 100% of infection, followed by sputum, stool, surgical wounds, and cerebrospinal fluid (85.8%, 67%, 62.5%, and 42.9%), respectively. Most of the hospital facilities showed 100% of contamination. The results showed Staphylococcus aureus colonized 40 (77%) of the total nasal swabs, other samples detected Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli 0157. The sensitivity of Gram-positive organisms to the antibiotics showed resistance to Penicillin G (90.1%) and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (82.7%), Methicillin (65.5%) and Vancomycin (65.5%). For Gram-negative organisms, the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and colistin (62.5%) for each. Conclusion: The bacterial outbreak in the clinical and environmental samples of Al Kufra Teaching Hospital was relatively high. To control bacterial infection and hospital contamination, several instructions need to be carried out to protect the hospital staff and patients from being infected.