Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds had been widely recognized as priority organic pollutants in wastewater with toxic effects on both plants and animals. Thus, the remediation of these pollutants has been an active area of research in the field of environmental science and engineering. This review highlighted the advantage of adsorption technology in the removal of PAHs and phenols in wastewater. The literature presented on the applications of various porous carbon materials such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene as potential adsorbents for these pollutants has been critically reviewed and analyzed. Under similar conditions, the use of porous polymers such as Chitosan and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been well presented. The high adsorption capacities of advanced porous materials such as mesoporous silica and metal-organic frameworks have been considered and evaluated. The preference of these materials, higher adsorption efficiencies, mechanism of adsorptions, and possible challenges have been discussed. Recommendations have been proposed for commercialization, pilot, and industrial-scale applications of the studied adsorbents towards persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal from wastewater.
Highlights
Organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and their derivatives, are one of the major pollutants that are frequently detected in wastewater
The generation of electricity from coal has been widely practiced, coal fire plants contributed to about a third of the total global water pollution due to the various toxic chemicals such as PAHs, phenolic compound, and heavy metals discharged into the rivers, streams, and other water bodies [36]
Floodwater is another source of which PAHs and phenolic compounds get into wastewater
Summary
Organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and their derivatives, are one of the major pollutants that are frequently detected in wastewater. PAHs are categorized organic compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene ring molecules They mostly result from petroleum refining, fuel combustion, coal mining and processing, coke into different trophic levels of organisms, and subsequently into humans. PAHs are organic compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene ring molecules They mostly [6,7], resultfresh from petroleum refining, fuel combustion, coal mining andtransported processing, concentrations in theand receiving water bodies.[8], PAHs could be ubiquitously intocoke the rivers terrestrial water municipal wastewater treatment plants [9], and pyrolysis, chemicals production, and other industrial processes. Thehas structures, latter made of low four toand six carcinogenic rings
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