Abstract
Energy consumption of wireless networks is now a very important research topic and several research teams worldwide are proposing solutions for the so-called green wireless networks, i.e. energy-efficient wireless networks. Although the increase of this research activity is rather recent, a great number of research papers and collaborative projects exist nowadays. We first summarise the metrics used in the related literature for performance evaluation. Then, we focus on describing the current approaches proposed by reviewing a good number of references from literature. The main research directions are presented: the component level research, where the efforts are mainly concentrated on the power amplifier section; the cell layout adaptation including the cell-breathing technique and coverage extension methods like femtocells and relays; in addition, we also include the radio resource management and the cognitive radio into the studied approaches. These methods are analysed, compared, classified and then a framework of classification and integration is proposed. We finally describe some major collaborative projects dedicated to this topic.
Highlights
The constant advances in the world of wireless communications bring to end-users new services and features never expected in the past
(Section 3.1), where energy consumption is reduced by responding to the incoming traffic pattern by means of switching off unnecessary base station (BS) and adapting the sizes of remaining cells in order to guarantee coverage; we give attention (Section 3.2) to describing the joint energy-efficient macro/femtocell deployments and their contributions in energy saving; in the category of cell layout adaptation (CLA), we describe the wireless relaying techniques (Section 3.3) and how they can be a key tool for energyefficient transmission, both for downlink and uplink transmissions
For the environment learning and information exchange layer (EL-IE) layer, we introduce the natural capabilities of cognitive radio (CR) to adapt the radio devices transmission parameters based on sensing external conditions
Summary
The constant advances in the world of wireless communications bring to end-users new services and features never expected in the past. The concerns on this area for future research are very well expressed in [18]: in order to coordinate the resource allocation for cooperative relaying some extra power is needed, and minimise this overhead energy expended is a task to do This reference remarks the importance of working in bi-directional relaying systems and multi-cell environments, due to most of the work is done for point-to-point transmission and only considering whether uplink or downlink, but not both. The need of continuously improving the RRM and transmission mechanism is currently concern of mobile communications in order to better exploit and complement the already shown advantages of top layer mechanisms that yield energy efficiency at large scale (i.e. cell breathing, femtocells and relays). A good example of the work being performed in this project is the study of [47]
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