Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the major respiratory pathogen responsible for an outbreak of respiratory disease at a swine farm in West Siberia in 2019. We discovered that the peak of morbidity and mortality coincided with a high level of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 and 2-related viremia. Based on longer PRRSV2 viremia, the dominant role of PRRSV2 over PRRSV1 in the outbreak was assumed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PRRSV1 strain belonged to sub-genotype 2—one of the predominant groups of genotype 1 PRRSVs in Russia. A partial open reading frame 7 sequence of the PRRSV2 isolate demonstrated a high identity with modified live vaccine-related strains from Denmark (93%) and wild-type VR2332 (92%). We identified the first instance of PRRSV1/PRRSV2 mixed infection in Russia. This finding indicates that further field investigations are needed to access PRRSV2 epidemiology in eastern Europe.
Highlights
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been simultaneously described in the USA and Europe and remains a major problem for the pig industry
Viral RNA was not detected in sera from either newborn or 3-week-old piglets, whereas in 7-week-old piglets, PRRSV1 and PRRSV2, and viral RNA were present in 50% and 40% of serum samples, respectively (Figure 1)
porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA was detected in 20% of 12-week-old piglets, and viremia rates increased with age until
Summary
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been simultaneously described in the USA and Europe and remains a major problem for the pig industry. Economic losses associated with this disease are estimated at US$664 million per year globally. Reproductive failure is characterized by abortions, fetus mummification, stillbirths, and birth of weak offspring. Growing piglets mainly demonstrate respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, coughing, and fever [1]. Further investigations have revealed that the causative agent of this disease is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), for which two genotypes have been described: the European (PRRSV1) and North American (PRRSV2) genotypes. Significant genetic (50–60% identity) and antigenic differences eventually led to their divergence into two separate species: Betaarterivirus suid (the European type, or PRRSV1) and Betaarterivirus suid 2 (the North American type, or PRRSV2) [2]
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