An Orthogonal Mechanical Model of Stable Nuclei

Abstract

The following article presents a mechanical model approach for stable atomic nuclei based on a symmetrical orthogonal arrangement of protons and neutrons. This rigid approach lends support to nuclear pairing, shell modeling (without gaps), and symmetry concepts of nuclear structure and does not support independent particle models where nucleons move in mean free paths within the nucleus. The disparity between the number of stable nuclides with an even number of protons and those with an odd number of protons is examined and then used to postulate possible orthogonal mechanical models of nuclei. The ability to predict subsequent abundant nuclei based on the pattern developed for the first twenty or so nuclides gives credence to the proposed model. To further validate this pattern, an electron orbiting arrangement about the orthogonal axes is developed which adapts the pattern to the periodic table. Each vertical column in the periodic table makes up a related group of elements based on their chemical behavior. This article will show how electron orbiting patterns on two axes group elements in accordance to the Periodic Table and opens the door for pushing physics beyond the standard mode (BSM). In the interest of simplicity, binding energies and energy levels using quantum and wave mechanics are not described in this article.