Abstract
This letter studies the possibility of synthesizing an orthogonal beamforming network (BFN) with an arbitrary number of inputs and outputs and beam-shaping functions. The proposed synthesis approach is based on complex Givens rotation matrices and is realized through the optimized program. First, it is derived that a complex Givens rotation matrix can represent a directional coupler with corresponding power ratio and phase difference. Then, this letter presents a computer-aided program to synthesize BFN that combines matrix cascading techniques and optimization algorithms, achieving beam shaping function. For validating the proposed synthesis approach, an example of an orthogonal 2×6 BFN with flat-topped radiation patterns for diversity application is presented. The accuracy and efficiency make the proposed synthesis method beneficial in antenna array systems.
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