Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment plays a vital role in myocardial ischemia injury, generally leading to the resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs. This induces an intriguing study on mechanism exploration and prodrug design to overcome the hypoxia-induced drug resistance. In this study, we hypothesized that the overexpression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) in myocardial cells is closely related to the drug resistance. Herein, bioinformatics analysis, gene knockdown, and overexpression assay certificated the correlation between CAIX overexpression and hypoxia. An original aspirin-containing CAIX inhibitor AcAs has been developed. Based on the downregulation of CAIX level, both in vitro and in vivo, AcAs can overcome the acquired resistance and more effectively attenuate myocardial ischemia and hypoxia injury than that of aspirin. CAIX inhibitor is believed to recover the extracellular pH value so as to ensure the stable effect of aspirin. Results indicate great potential of CAIX inhibitor for further application in myocardial hypoxia injury therapy.
Highlights
Myocardial ischemia injury is a pressing issue which denotes the presence of heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI).[1]
In this study, we hypothesized that the overexpression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) in myocardial cells is closely related to the drug resistance
From the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database, we found that carbonic anhydrase (CA) has 15 isoenzymes
Summary
We hypothesized that the overexpression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) in myocardial cells is closely related to the drug resistance. Bioinformatics analysis, gene knockdown and overexpression assay certificated the correlation between CAIX overexpression and hypoxia. An original aspirin-containing CAIX inhibitor AcAs has been developed
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