An organically modified exfoliated graphite electrode for the voltammetric determination of lead ions in contaminated water samples

Abstract

This work presents a new electrode, 2-benzoylnaphtho [2,1-b]furan hydrazone exfoliated graphite paste electrode (B-EGPE) fabricated for the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead (Pb). Under the optimal conditions, Pb2+ could be detected in the concentration range from 2.75 × 10−7 to 1.5 × 10−6 mol/L with the linear regression equation, y = 19.41 × 10−6x + 0.4249 × 10−9 with R = 0.99. Interferences from other ions were investigated and the proposed method was further applied to the trace levels of Pb2+ detection in real samples with satisfactory results.