Abstract
Dogs are the main source of human cystic echinococcosis. An oral vaccine would be an important contribution to control programs in endemic countries. We conducted two parallel experimental trials in Morocco and Tunisia of a new oral vaccine candidate against Echinococcus granulosus in 28 dogs. The vaccine was prepared using two recombinant proteins from adult worms, a tropomyosin (EgTrp) and a fibrillar protein similar to paramyosin (EgA31), cloned and expressed in a live attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.In each country, five dogs were vaccinated with the associated EgA31 and EgTrp; three dogs received only the vector Salmonella; and six dogs were used as different controls. The vaccinated dogs received two oral doses of the vaccine 21 d apart, and were challenged 20 d later with 75,000 living protoscoleces. The controls were challenged under the same conditions. All dogs were sacrificed 26–29 d postchallenge, before the appearance of eggs, for safety reasons.We studied the histological responses to both the vaccine and control at the level of the duodenum, the natural localization of the cestode. Here we show a significant decrease of parasite burden in vaccinated dogs (70% to 80%) and a slower development rate in all remaining worms. The Salmonella vaccine EgA31-EgTrp demonstrated a high efficacy against E. granulosus promoting its potential role in reducing transmission to humans and animals.
Highlights
Cystic echinococcosis, called hydatidosis, represents a severe public health and livestock problem, in developing countries [1,2,3]
Intermediate hosts become infected by grazing on vegetation contaminated by eggs shed by adult worms via canine feces [4]
In many countries in the world, livestock and humans are affected with hydatid disease, which is caused by the development, in the viscera, of the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus
Summary
Called hydatidosis, represents a severe public health and livestock problem, in developing countries [1,2,3]. The causative agent is the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The adult stage may be found in the small intestine of canine carnivores. Growth of the larval stage throughout the internal organs, especially the liver and lungs, causes clinical signs in the intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, and camels. Humans may become host to this metacestode. Intermediate hosts become infected by grazing on vegetation contaminated by eggs shed by adult worms via canine feces [4]
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