Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing cells, play a key role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. One of the major technical difficulties in the generation of OCs, when working on human material, is the ability to achieve large differentiation of mature OCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Access to a standardized source of active OCs is needed to better analyze the roles of human OCs. The aim of this study was to develop a procedure yielding active and mature OCs from fresh human PBMCs. We therefore examined the differentiation of PBMCs to OCs in different cell culture media, using non-stripped and charcoal-stripped sera in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). We also studied the effects of vitamin D3 in the differentiation level of PBMCs to OCs. Phalloidin-AlexaFluor®488/DAPI fluorescent stainings and dentin resorption analyses by scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the number and size of differentiated OCs, number of nuclei per cell and resorption activities of OCs for a 7–14–21-day culture period. This study reports an optimized method for an efficient production of human active OCs from a low seeding density of PBMCs, after a 14-day culture period by using a medium containing fetal bovine charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, and in the absence of vitamin D3.
Highlights
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) constitute 3–9% of the human leukocytes in the blood and can be collected and isolated in large amounts from individual human subjects
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are an important source of precursors of osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing multinuclear cells, and the cytokines produced by PBMCs have profound effects on OCs differentiation, activation, and apoptosis [6]
The idea was to evaluate the effects of the absence of lipids in the proliferation and differentiation of PBMCs to OCs
Summary
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) constitute 3–9% of the human leukocytes in the blood and can be collected and isolated in large amounts from individual human subjects. Abnormalities in PBMCs have been linked to a variety of human disorders such as hypertension [1], alcoholism [2], autoimmune liver disease [3], rheumatoid arthritis [4], and osteoporosis [5]. PBMCs may represent a highly valuable cell source for functional, genomic, and epigenomic studies for dissecting the etiology mechanisms underlying various human disorders. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are an important source of precursors of osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing multinuclear cells, and the cytokines produced by PBMCs have profound effects on OCs differentiation, activation, and apoptosis [6]. OCs play key roles in the regulation of bone mass and quality; a deficiency of OCs results in an increased but fragile
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