Abstract
Fast charging is an attractive way of charging batteries; however, it may result in an undesired degradation of battery performance and lifetime because of the increase in battery temperature during fast charge. In this paper we propose a simple optimized fuzzy controller that is responsible for the regulation of the charging current of a battery charging system. The basis of the method is a simple dynamic equivalent circuit type model of the Li-ion battery that takes into account the temperature dependency of the model parameters, too. Since there is a tradeoff between the charging speed determined by the value of the charging current and the increase in temperature of the battery, the proposed fuzzy controller is applied for controlling the charging current as a function of the temperature. The controller is optimized using a genetic algorithm to ensure a jointly minimal charging time and battery temperature increase during the charging. The control method is adaptive in the sense that we use parameter estimation of an underlying dynamic battery model to adapt to the actual status of the battery after each charging. The performance and properties of the proposed optimized charging control system are evaluated using a simulation case study. The evaluation was performed in terms of the charge profiles, using the fitness values of the individuals, and in terms of the charge performance on the actual battery. The proposed method has been evaluated compared to the conventional contant current-constant voltage methods. We have found that the proposed GA-fuzzy controller gives a slightly better performance in charging time while significantly decreasing the temperature increase.
Highlights
Energy demand of our society is rapidly growing together with technological development
In this paper we propose a genetic algorithm based optimization of a fuzzy controller that is responsible for the regulation of charging current of a battery charging system
A simple optimized fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper that is responsible for the regulation of charging current of a battery charging system
Summary
Energy demand of our society is rapidly growing together with technological development. Focusing on the amelioration of the renewable energy should be the most reasonable method; it brings immediately higher requirements for energy storage, which is one of the most difficult challenges of energy production. The physical boundaries of 21st-century batteries cause limitations to their utilization; for instance, using electric vehicles for long-distance travel may decrease convenience and freedom, such that the traveler is forced to stop to charge in case of critically low battery level. Because of their high energy density and low selfdischarge, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in applications requiring light-weight batteries.
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