Abstract
As the carbon emissions of commercial buildings are attracting considerable attention, the integrated energy system (IES) has become a promising low-carbon method in response. In this paper, an optimization framework for low-carbon oriented integrated energy system management under electric vehicles (EV) demand response is proposed. After analyzing the charging behavior, EV charging demand is simulated. Then, the low-carbon integrated energy system model is proposed with the optimization framework considering carbon reduction. Subsequently the objective function containing carbon emission is obtained for the whole operation optimization. The results of the studied case show that the optimization framework proposed can reduce the carbon emission greatly as well as moderate economic cost, which declined because of the revenue from charging demand response. In general, the optimization of low-carbon oriented IES in commercial buildings is feasible.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
A gas turbine, which is the core of the CCHP unit, is a device that converts the chemical energy of the fuel to where PMT is the output work in a certain time interval t, Q gas is the amount of electrical energy, with natural gas, biogas, as the fuel, by micro gas turbine combustion gas used by the gas turbine; η micro turbine (MT) is the efficiency coefficient of power generation, LH is power generation
Pwt l,Ppv l, PMT, Pgrid, Pec, Peh, Pev are, respectively, the output power of the wind turbine, PV output power, the active power generated by the micro-turbine, power purchased from the power grid, and the electric power consumed by the electric refrigerator and the electric boiler
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Erick Guerra’s research [25] points out that owners of electric vehicles are willing to pay appropriate fees for the convenience of parking and charging This verifies the commercial feasibility of the integrated energy system with response to electric vehicles charging demand in the commercial building.
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