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Abstract
Increasing pressures on water resources are causing many countries in Mediterranean to (re)consider various mechanisms to improve water use efficiency for agricultural like Tunisia country. The price mechanism remains the most appropriate instrument to allocate this water resource, but the search for the optimal price of water that reconciles different aspects economic and environmental is the most important issue to rise. In this paper, we will show that the search for a compromise between farm income and water consumption is possible through an optimal price applying both the entropy maximization approach and the multiobjective optimization. The results show that the use of Generalised Maximum Entropy (GME) approach is able to calibrate the model. Once the model is calibrated, a Multi-Objective Programming (MOP) was used to determine the optimal price using the compromise method. This optimal price determined has resulted to a slight economic decline in agricultural income against an immediate environmental gain of water saving. This compromise is a way to ensure the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and the preservation of water resources in Tunisia.
Highlights
During the last 30 years, irrigated agriculture in Tunisia has increased from 250,000 ha in 1990 to 450,470 ha in 2010 (MARH, 2013)
When the objective function is the minimization of the consumption of water, we notice that the possibility of saving water is possible with an economic loss of gross margin
This paper is a contribution to seek an optimal pricing of irrigation water in the public perimeter of Kalâa Kebira in central-eastern Tunisia
Summary
During the last 30 years, irrigated agriculture in Tunisia has increased from 250,000 ha in 1990 to 450,470 ha in 2010 (MARH, 2013). The growth of the agricultural production in the recent years is mainly due to the expansion of irrigated areas (Al Atiri, 2009). The intensification and use of chemicals and pesticides to increase agricultural production has led over time to groundwater overexploitation and land degradation (Louhichi, 2001). Today, some problems, such as declining fertility, salinity and soil erosion, have become major constraints to the sustainability of agricultural activity, irrigated agriculture in Tunisia. Considerable efforts have been devoted to introduce policies tools aiming to reach a sustainable irrigation water management (Jeder et al, 2014)
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