An Optimal Model for Power Quality Improvement in Smart Grid using Gravitational Search-based Proportional Integral Controller and Node Microcontroller Unit

Abstract

In recent years, the Intervention of information and communication technology creates a major impact on various disciplines like electrical, electronic, and mechanical engineering. In acceding to that, the revision of the conventional grid to the smart grid is a challenging chore for numerous developing countries. In smart grid communication systems, there exist various power quality issues namely voltage sags, swells, and harmonics and it is necessary to minimize such power quality issues. Therefore, this article proposes smart monitoring in a smart grid (SMSG) system. The efficient SMSG system is proposed for monitoring load current, source current and harmonics present in the source. In addition to this, a designing of shunt active power filter (SAPF) with proportional integral (PI) controller is tuned by gravitational search algorithm for harmonic mitigation. For recognizing the quality of Electricity from the smart grid, the SMSG system monitors the total harmonic distortion (THD) before and after accomplishing SAPF. The Wi-Fi-based node microcontroller unit (NodeMCU) module is considered the most significant SMSG component that monitors the power quality under the firebase cloud environment. The simulation of SAPF was enacted by MATLAB 2016a and the hardware setup for the three-phase source current has experimented with NodeMCU. Finally, the performance of the system is analyzed for various non-linear loads with THD monitored in the Firebase cloud.