Abstract
Nonlinear effects in the optical transmission systems (OTSs) are considered as the major performance limiting factor to provide high transmission rates over ultra-long distances. As the demands for system capacity, transmission range and the number of users is increasing exponentially with the development of mobile broadband, new challenges are being faced by the backbone optical networks. Mainly, the refractive index related non-linearities (RIrNLs) need to be characterized to design an optimal OTS for error-free transmission with provision of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support for multiple channels. This paper provides an estimation technique of RIrNLs for long-haul transmission and their treatment for different channel spacing and the number of channels in a WDM system operating frequency domain multiple in multiple out (FD-MIMO) equalizer based digital signal processing (DSP) receiver and microstrip Chebyshev low pass filter. The main focus of this work is to utilize the existing structure of OTS for RIrNLs treatment with a low cost solution. Thus, by varying the parameters of the third order dispersion parameters, group velocity dispersion parameters, phase modulation dispersion and nonlinear refractive index, the impact of RIrNLs is investigated in detail to enhance the transmission range and capacity of the current OTS. The proposed system is analyzed in terms of range of input power, fiber length and received power for OTS figure of merits including bit error rate (BER) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). Using duo-binary modulation, the BER achieved in this work is <10−5 till 500 km range, for maximum number of 32 channels, with 100 Gbps aggregate data rate, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed model.
Highlights
Nonlinear effects in long haul optical transmission systems (OTSs) are the major limitations on the high capacity, long haul and ultra-reliable transmission [1]
The induced non-linearities in optical systems are composed of two types; the first type relates to nonlinearities due to scattering phenomena [19], and the second type of nonlinearities are associated with refractive index of the optical fiber
The parameters which affect the amount of refractive index-related nonlinearities (RIrNLs) are cross-section area of single mode fiber (SMF), amount of light intensity propagating through the fiber, number of channels in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, and data rate
Summary
Nonlinear effects in long haul optical transmission systems (OTSs) are the major limitations on the high capacity, long haul and ultra-reliable transmission [1]. The performance of a simple OTS is severly affected by the non-linear effects, which are developed when high capacity signals are communicated over extensive distances [2,3]. The performance is degraded, which leads to errors and data integrity issues. These nonlinear effects can be categorized into two types. The first is refractive index-related nonlinearities (RIrNLs), such as cross phase modulation (XPM) [4], self phase modulation (SPM) [5], and four wave mixing (FWM) [6]. The refractive index-related nonlinearities (RIrNLs) generate unwanted frequencies inside the optical medium, due to mixing of transmitted optical signals with each other or with the carrier wavelength during their propagation. Instead of using multiple fibers [9], the transmission of multiple data channels [10] is always desirable but the extra signals inside the single mode fiber (SMF) cause power penalty problems in long-haul cases because of the erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) saturation in each transmission span and channel filtering at the receiver in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system
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