An optimal energy efficient cross-layer routing in MANETs

Abstract

In mobile ad hoc network (MANET), battery power is a significant resource for mobile devices. Hence conservation of energy and prolonging the network lifetime must be considered when designing routing protocols. But design of an energy-efficient routing protocol requires various factors of nodes from different layers, such as remaining energy, total traffic load and the number of channel contentions. Traditional layered approach has been found ineffective in handling power-related problems which can affect all the layers of the stack. To solve these issues, we propose a technique known as cross-layer routing protocol which utilize particle-swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The data success rate, node mobility and predicted remaining energy are measured from the network layer and PSO algorithm is applied to establish stable and energy efficient paths. After establishing the set of paths using PSO, the network contention is measured from the MAC layer and the contention window (CW) is adjusted dynamically based on the measured contention and predicted remaining energy. Simulation results prove that the proposed technique provides increased delivery ratio of packet with reduced consumption of energy and overhead when compared with existing techniques.