Abstract
This paper details the design of a 1 × 8 optical power divider, using a gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor on sapphire, which can be applied to underwater optical wireless communication. The design consists of nine parallel rectangular waveguides which are based on mode coupling phenomena. Analysis of the design was performed using the beam propagation method (BPM). The optimization was conducted using the 3D finite difference (FD)-BPM method with an optical signal input at the wavelength required for maritime application of λ = 0.45 µm. The signal was injected into the central waveguide. The results showed that at a propagation length of 1480 µm the optical power is divided into eight output beams with an excess loss of 0.46 dB and imbalance of 0.51 dB. The proposed design can be further developed and applied in future underwater communication technology.
Highlights
Underwater activities, such as military activities, environmental monitoring, and oceanographic research frequently involve the deployment of unmanned or robotically operated underwater vehicles.When underwater activities are critical and time-sensitive operations, marine systems need to be equipped with ultrafast wireless communication solutions for delivering information through live video streaming [1].These activities require high bandwidth and high capacity communication
The field propagation through the structure was conducted using the finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM), which is suitable for the proposed design
The proposed splitter was designed using the layout designer provided in the OptiBPM which is based on the proposed mathematical model with previously mentioned design parameters
Summary
Underwater activities, such as military activities, environmental monitoring, and oceanographic research frequently involve the deployment of unmanned or robotically operated underwater vehicles. GaN-based laser diodes (LD) [5,6], light emitting diodes (LED) [7,8] and photodetectors have developed significantly [9,10] These light source and detector characteristics are suitable for UOWC [11] due to the operating wavelength matching with the optical properties. The design of waveguide-based photonic devices has been extensively developed. This includes the optical power splitter [13], coupler, demultiplexer [14], and waveguide intersection [15]. The III-nitride based photonic device design of the Y junction, and multimode interference (MMI).
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