Abstract
Operando calorimetry has previously been utilized to study electrochemical reactions and degradation in electrochemical cells such as batteries. Calorimetric data can provide important information on the lifetime and thermal properties of electrochemical cells in practical engineering applications such as thermal management. High temperature electrochemical cells such as solid oxide fuel cells or electrolyzers can also benefit from operando calorimetry, but to the authors’ knowledge such capabilities have not been commercially developed. Herein, an operando calorimeter is reported that is capable of simultaneous calorimetry and electrochemistry at temperatures up to 1000 °C and in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The calorimeter is constructed by modifying a commercial apparatus originally designed to study high temperature electrochemical cells in various gas environments. A grey-box, nonlinear system identification model is utilized to analyze both electrochemical and calorimetric data of BaZr0.8Ce0.1Y0.1O3 based electrochemical cells and achieve a calorimeter electrochemical cell power sensitivity of 16.1 ± 11.7 mW. This operando calorimeter provides the capability to study thermal behaviour of electrochemical cells at elevated temperatures.
Highlights
Operando calorimetry is widely used to study the properties of electrochemical cells, such as degradation of materials during electrochemical cycling and parasitic side reactions that lower electrochemical cell efficiency [1,2,3]
The calorimeter is sensitive to around 10-20 mW of power and is convenient to construct from a commercial apparatus that is well known to the high temperature fuel cell community
A calorimeter has been presented here to study operando high temperature solid state electrochemistry, namely solid electrolytes for fuel cells and other similar applications. It can operate between room temperature and 1,000 °C and can support up to 12 electrical and thermocouple connections, as well as expose samples to two different gas environments
Summary
Operando calorimetry is widely used to study the properties of electrochemical cells, such as degradation of materials during electrochemical cycling and parasitic side reactions that lower electrochemical cell efficiency [1,2,3]. We report a calorimeter capable of operando measurements of high temperature electrochemical cells simultaneously exposed to both oxidizing and reducing gas environments. 1 and A.1), which provides the necessary temperature range, electrical connections to power the fuel cell samples and temperature sensors, and two-gas capability.
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