An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Parallel-Group Study of the Effects of Chronic Hepatic Impairment on the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Desvenlafaxine

Abstract

BackgroundMany antidepressants are extensively metabolized in the liver, requiring dose adjustments in individuals with hepatic impairment. Clinical studies indicate that the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desvenlafaxine is metabolized primarily via glucuronidation, and ∼45% is eliminated unchanged in urine. ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of desvenlafaxine in adults with chronic Child-Pugh class A, B, and C hepatic impairment. MethodsSubjects (aged 18–65 years) with mild (Child-Pugh class A, n = 8), moderate (Child-Pugh class B, n = 8), and severe (Child-Pugh class C, n = 8) hepatic impairment and 12 healthy matched subjects received a single 100-mg oral dose of desvenlafaxine. Disposition of (R)-, (S)-, and (R+S)-enantiomers of desvenlafaxine were examined in plasma and urine. Geometric least squares (GLS) mean ratios and 90% CIs for AUC, AUC0–τ, Cmax, and Cl/F were calculated; comparisons were made by using a 1-factor ANOVA. Safety was evaluated according to adverse events, physical examination, vital signs, and laboratory assessments. ResultsHealthy participants had a mean age of 51 years (range, 36–62 years) and weight of 79.1 kg (range, 52.5–105.0 kg); hepatically impaired participants had a mean age of 52 years (range, 31–65 years) and weight of 80.9 kg (range, 50.2–119.5 kg). In both groups, 67% of participants were male. No statistically significant differences (≥50%) in the disposition of desvenlafaxine were detected between hepatically impaired patients and healthy subjects based on GLS mean ratios for Cmax, AUC0–τ, AUC, or Cl/F (P > 0.05 for each comparison). Median Tmax was similar for all groups (range, 6–9 hours). A nonsignificant increase was observed for desvenlafaxine exposure in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (GLS mean ratios [90% CIs] for AUC, 31% [93.2–184], 35% [96.5–190], respectively). The most common adverse events were nausea (n = 2, healthy subjects; n = 3, hepatically impaired subjects) and vomiting (n = 1, healthy subjects; n = 2, hepatically impaired subjects). ConclusionsA single 100-mg dose of desvenlafaxine was well tolerated in healthy subjects and hepatically impaired patients. A mild increase in exposure was observed for moderate and severe hepatically impaired subjects (Child-Pugh class B and C).