Abstract
We investigated the effect of olive oil, rapeseed oil, and sunflower oil on blood lipids and lipoproteins including number and lipid composition of lipoprotein subclasses. Eighteen young, healthy men participated in a double-blinded randomized cross-over study (3-week intervention period) with 50 g of oil per 10 MJ incorporated into a constant diet. Plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were 10;-20% higher after consumption of the olive oil diet compared with the rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets [analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.05]. The size of IDL, VLDL, and LDL subfractions did not differ between the diets, whereas a significantly higher number (apolipoprotein B concentration) and lipid content of the larger and medium-sized LDL subfractions were observed after the olive oil diet compared with the rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Total HDL cholesterol concentration did not differ significantly, but HDL(2a) cholesterol was higher after olive oil and rapeseed oil compared with sunflower oil (ANOVA, P < 0.05).In conclusion, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil had more favorable effects on blood lipids and plasma apolipoproteins as well as on the number and lipid content of LDL subfractions compared with olive oil. Some of the differences may be attributed to differences in the squalene and phytosterol contents of the oils.
Highlights
We investigated the effect of olive oil, rapeseed oil, and sunflower oil on blood lipids and lipoproteins including number and lipid composition of lipoprotein subclasses
Diet compared with the rapeseed oil (RO) and sunflower oil (SO) diets (ANOVA, P Ͻ 0.0001), and fasting plasma TAG and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations were approximately 20% higher after olive oil (OO) compared with RO and SO (ANOVA, P р 0.003); see Table 4 and Fig. 1
Plasma Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentrations were higher after OO and RO than after SO (ANOVA, P ϭ 0.002) (Fig. 1)
Summary
Eighteen male students were recruited for the study by local advertisement. The subjects were aged 20 –28 years (mean, 24 years), weighed from 62 to 99 kg (mean, 79 kg), and had body mass indexes from 18 to 27 kg/m2 (mean, 23 kg/m2). All subjects were nonsmokers and did not use any medication. They were apparently healthy, did not exercise excessively, and had no family history of atherosclerotic disease or hypertension. Mean fasting lipid concentrations at inclusion were as follows: plasma total cholesterol, 4.74 mM (range, 3.09 to 6.25 mM); HDLcholesterol, 1.10 mM (range, 0.84 to 1.50 mM); and plasma total TAG, 1.2 mM (range, 0.41 to 3.29 mM). The aim of the stud y was explained orally to each subject and written information was given, before the subjects gave their written consent. The research protocol was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg (01-272/95)
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