Abstract
Given continued improvement in the thermal performance of building envelopes, interior disturbances caused by occupant behavior now have the greatest impact on building loads and energy consumption. The accurate calculation of interior load during design stage was emphasized in this paper, and a new method was proposed. Indoor occupants were considered as the core of interior disturbances, and the relationship with other interior disturbances was explored. The interior heat release was arbitrarily combined with the representative cooling load to be utilized in building cooling load calculation. Field surveys were conducted in three typical university buildings: an office building, a teaching building, and a library, located in a university in Tianjin, China. The oversized chillers supplying cooling for the buildings resulted from the over-estimating of the indoor occupant number and the power density of electric appliances. Through quantitative analysis, it was observed that the maximum representative interior loads were 196.43, 329.94, and 402.58 W/person, respectively, for the case buildings, at least 50% less than the empirical design data. Compared to the measured cooling load during the testing period, the accuracy of the modified cooling load was greater than 90%. This research is intended to serve as a reference for calculating and optimizing the design loads of cooling systems.
Highlights
Buildings have been widely recognized as one of the main energy consumption sectors and the key to energy efficiency in the whole society [1]
The indoor occupants should be categorized in case buildings: 4. Results and Discussion
The indoor occupants should be categorized in case buildings: (1) For the teaching building, students taking class only use lamps and teaching projection equipment, such as computers and projectors
Summary
Buildings have been widely recognized as one of the main energy consumption sectors and the key to energy efficiency in the whole society [1]. In order to achieve energy efficiency in buildings, the design and optimization of HVAC systems are important where the energy performance is affected by operational conditions, as well as heating and cooling needs. Based on the demarcation of the building structure, three primary factors affect the energy consumption of the HVAC system: exterior disturbances, interior disturbances, and the operational factors of the energy supply system [4,5]. Given the gradual improvement of the thermal insulation of building envelopes, the impact of exterior disturbances on the building cooling/heating loads has decreased. Interior disturbances relative to occupant behavior have become the most important factors influencing building load and energy consumption, especially for the cooling condition [6]
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