Abstract
The key meteorological observations of a very late-season super typhoon over the northern South China Sea, namely, Rai in December 2021, are documented in this article for later reference. In particular, the very valuable dropsonde data in this season are presented. Meteorological data revealed the interaction between the northeast monsoon from the north and the outer circulation of Rai from the south, resulting in rapid weakening of Rai and probably a subtropical transition. Rai broke a number of tropical cyclone (TC) records over the South China Sea, necessitating the issuance of a TC warning signal in Hong Kong. The considerations in the issuance of the warning signal are also briefly described in this article.
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