An obesogenic diet enriched with blue mussels protects against weight gain and lowers cholesterol levels in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract

Obesity is linked to several health complications, such as cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Dyslipidemia in obesity is one of the prime causes for health complications. We have previously shown that blue mussels (BM) are a rich source of omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and increase the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor and adiponectin, thereby inducing anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects in vitro. However, the in vivo effects of BM on obesity and metabolic regulation are not known. We hypothesized that dietary intake of BM will prevent weight gain and improve lipid profile of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were fed a HFD supplemented with 5% w/w BM (BM-HFD) for 4 weeks, and then switched to a HFD for 4 weeks. Mice fed a BM-HFD showed significantly lower body weight gain and abdominal fat, compared to the HFD. Furthermore, a BM-HFD significantly reduced plasma and hepatic total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, compared to HFD. The decrease in cholesterol levels coincided with inhibition of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression, and an increase in LDL-receptor gene expression in the BM-HFD group, compared to the HFD group. In conclusion, our findings have established that BM reduces body weight gain in mice. BM may have potential to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, thereby protecting against obesity and perhaps heart disease.