Abstract
We describe here an Nd3+-sensitized upconversion fluorescent sensor for epirubicin (EPI) detection in aqueous solutions under 808 nm laser excitation. The upconversion fluorescence of nanoparticles is effectively quenched in the presence of EPI via a fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. The dynamic quenching constant was 2.10 × 104 M−1. Normalized fluorescence intensity increased linearly as the EPI concentration was raised from 0.09 μM to 189.66 μM and the fluorometric detection limit was 0.05 μM. The sensing method was simple, fast, and low-cost and was able to be applied to determine the levels of EPI in urine with spike recoveries from 97.5% to 102.6%. Another important feature of the proposed fluorescent sensor is that it holds a promising potential for in vivo imaging and detection due to its distinctive properties such as weak autofluorescence, low heating effect, and high light penetration depth.
Highlights
Epirubicin (EPI), an anthracycline antibiotic, is a highly effective antineoplastic agent, and is widely used for the treatment of various cancers including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Prepared core (NaYF4:Yb/Er/Nd), core@shell (NaYF4:Yb/Er/Nd@NaYF4:Nd), and ligand-free core@shell (NaYF4:Yb/Er/Nd@NaYF4:Nd) uuppccoonversion nnaannoparticles (UCNPs) were analyzed by TEM
To enhance the upconversion fluorescence intensity, an external shell doped with Nd3+ was grown on the surface of the core UCNPs via the epitaxial growth method
Summary
Epirubicin (EPI), an anthracycline antibiotic, is a highly effective antineoplastic agent, and is widely used for the treatment of various cancers including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Traditional techniques for the detection of EPI in biological fluids include liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrochemical methods [11]. Liquid chromatography generally requires pretreatment of biological samples using solid phase or liquid–liquid extractions and is coupled with additional detection approaches including ultraviolet (UV), fluorometry, or mass spectrometry (MS) [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Capillary electrophoresis is an alternative separation technique and is commonly coupled with laser-induced-fluorescence detection (LIF) [22,23,24]. These detection strategies are usually costly, time-consuming, or involve sophisticated instruments. The sensitivity and selectivity can be further improved by modifying the electrode surface using carbon
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