Abstract
The synthesis of water networks based on properties has commonly ignored the effect of temperature on the property balances that are part of the formulation. When wide differences of temperatures are observed within the process, such an effect might yield significant errors in the application of conventional property balances. In this work, a framework for the development of water networks that include temperature effects on property balances is presented. The approach is based on the inclusion of constants in the property operators that are commonly used to carry out the property balances. An additional term to take care of composition effects is also included. The resulting approach is embedded into a formulation based on a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for the design of water networks. A case study is presented that shows that the proposed approach yields an improvement in the prediction of the resulting properties for the integrated network, thus affecting the optimal solution.
Highlights
IntroductionMass integration techniques have found special applications in the development of water networks that minimize the consumption of both fresh water requirements and wastewater sent to the environment
Mass integration techniques have found special applications in the development of water networks that minimize the consumption of both fresh water requirements and wastewater sent to the environment.The initial studies were based on extensions of the pinch concept for energy integration [1,2,3]
Another structure was considered in the form of a direct recycle network, in which process streams could serve as sources to be allocated into process units that could serve as sinks
Summary
Mass integration techniques have found special applications in the development of water networks that minimize the consumption of both fresh water requirements and wastewater sent to the environment. Another structure was considered in the form of a direct recycle network, in which process streams could serve as sources to be allocated into process units that could serve as sinks From this approach, a mass pinch point was detected that guided the design of a mass integration network with minimum consumption of fresh sources. Alternative approaches to the mass pinch approach were developed to formulate network synthesis methods based on mathematical programming techniques [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. These works typically considered the concentration of contaminants as the task to be treated for the design of the network. The approach is based on the modification of the property operators that are used to carry out the property balances, which can be used to include the effect of additional variables such as composition
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