Abstract
BackgroundVaccination is considered as the most effective preventive method to control influenza. The hallmark of influenza virus is the remarkable variability of its major surface glycoproteins, HA and NA, which allows the virus to evade existing anti-influenza immunity in the target population. So it is necessary to develop a novel vaccine to control animal influenza virus. Also we know that the ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved in animal influenza A viruses, so a vaccine based on the M2e could avoid several drawbacks of the traditional vaccines. In this study we designed a novel tetra-branched multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) based vaccine, which was constructed by fusing four copies of M2e to one copy of foreign T helper (Th) cell epitope, and then investigated its immune responses.ResultsOur results show that the M2e-MAP induced strong M2e-specific IgG antibody,which responses following 2 doses immunization in the presence of Freunds’ adjuvant. M2e-MAP vaccination limited viral replication substantially. Also it could attenuate histopathological damage in the lungs of challenged mice and counteracted weight loss. M2e-MAP-based vaccine protected immunized mice against the lethal challenge with PR8 virus.ConclusionsBased on these findings, M2e-MAP-based vaccine seemed to provide useful information for the research of M2e-based influenza vaccine. Also it show huge potential to study vaccines for other similarly viruses.
Highlights
Vaccination is considered as the most effective preventive method to control influenza
The hallmark of influenza virus is the remarkable variability of its major surface glycoproteins, HA and NA, which allows the virus to evade existing anti-influenza immunity in the target population [6]
M2e-multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) immunization could induce high titers of M2e-specific IgG antibodies To evaluate humoral immune responses induced by M2eMAP, mice were vaccinated with 10 μg of M2e-MAP plus Freund’s adjuvant as described in Methods, and M2especific IgG antibodies were detected in mouse serum samples by ELISA
Summary
Vaccination is considered as the most effective preventive method to control influenza. It is necessary to develop a novel vaccine to control animal influenza virus. We know that the ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved in animal influenza A viruses, so a vaccine based on the M2e could avoid several drawbacks of the traditional vaccines. Novel influenza strains appear occasionally in the human population, causing pandemics. The potential shortage of pandemic influenza vaccines and the absence of specific-immunity in the human population make the development of a cross-protective influenza vaccine, which is based on conserved antigens, a promising prophylactic strategy. M2e, the ectodomain of the M2 protein, is highly conserved across influenza a subtypes and has become an attractive antigen target for producing a cross-protective influenza vaccine conferring broad spectrum prevention [7,8,9]. It suggested that it correlated with a defect in T cell but not B cell responsiveness to the M2e-MAPs [10]
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