Abstract
Smart cities need technologies that can be really applied to raise the quality of life and environment. Among all the possible solutions, Internet of Things (IoT)-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have the potentialities to satisfy multiple needs, such as offering real-time plans for emergency management (due to accidental events or inadequate asset maintenance) and managing crowds and their spatiotemporal distribution in highly populated areas (e.g., cities or parks) to face biological risks (e.g., from a virus) by using strategies such as social distancing and movement restrictions. Consequently, the objective of this study is to present an IoT system, based on an IoT-WSN and on algorithms (Neural Network, NN, and Shortest Path Finding) that are able to recognize alarms, available exits, assembly points, safest and shortest paths, and overcrowding from real-time data gathered by sensors and cameras exploiting computer vision. Subsequently, this information is sent to mobile devices using a web platform and the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The results refer to two different case studies (i.e., emergency and monitoring) and show that the system is able to provide customized strategies and to face different situations, and that this is also applies in the case of a connectivity shutdown.
Highlights
The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in real contexts is a key factor for the development of smart cities, where proper levels of quality of life and environment, safety, and sustainability are the main targets [1].The benefits related to the use of ICTs affect everyday life in both normal and emergency conditions.The occurrence of accidental or catastrophic natural events and the adoption of inadequate management strategies are the main causes of the occurrence of emergency conditions in structures and infrastructures
The results refer to two different case studies and show that the system is able to provide customized strategies and to face different situations, and that this is applies in the case of a connectivity shutdown
The main novelty of the study refers to the integration in an all-in-one solution, for the first time as per the authors’ knowledge, of available and new algorithms and ICT solutions that allow one to solve two important problems related to the theme park, i.e., the overcrowding and the emergency management, which were presented as two case studies in this paper
Summary
The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in real contexts is a key factor for the development of smart cities, where proper levels of quality of life and environment, safety, and sustainability are the main targets [1]. The occurrence of accidental or catastrophic natural events (e.g., sudden floods, earthquakes, fires, etc.) and the adoption of inadequate management strategies are the main causes of the occurrence of emergency conditions in structures and infrastructures. These causes can affect the structural health status of the abovementioned assets, which in turn can affect the health and safety of highly populated areas (i.e., urban contexts, buildings, occasional assembly points for crowds, theme parks, etc.).
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