Abstract
The world’s population growth and climate changes increase the demand for high-quality water. This fact forces humankind to create new water management strategies. Smart cities have successfully applied the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in many sectors. Moreover, Complex Event Processing (CEP) can analyze and process large data sets produced by IoT sensors in real-time. Traditional business processes are too rigid in expressing the dynamic behavior of water supply systems. Every execution path must be explicitly specified. On the other hand, declarative business processes allow execution paths that are not prohibited by the rules, providing more flexibility for water supply managers. This paper joins together IoT, CEP, and declarative processes to create a powerful, efficient, and flexible architecture (REFlex Water) to manage water supply systems. To the knowledge of the authors, REFlex Water is the first solution to combine these technologies in the context of water supply systems. The paper describes the REFlex Water architecture and demonstrates its application to a real water system from a Brazilian municipality. Results are promising, and the managers from the Brazilian water company are expanding the use of REFlex Water to other sectors of their water supply system.
Highlights
The Brazilian territory holds around 12% of the world’s total freshwater [1]
This paper presents an architecture for intelligent water management, called REFlex Water, which adopts the Internet of Things (IoT), Complex Event Processing (CEP) technology, and declarative business processes to control the operational activities of water supply systems
The paper has demonstrated that the combination of these technologies is a powerful tool in the context of water systems management: IoT devices represent an efficient and low-cost solution for continuous monitoring and controlling many aspects of water distribution in real-time; declarative business process languages provide the rigor and flexibility required to specify systems whose behavior is difficult to foresee; Complex Event Processing (CEP) technology can handle large data streams produced by the IoT sensors; CEP languages can express all rules defined in a declarative business process language (e.g., DECLARE)
Summary
The Brazilian territory holds around 12% of the world’s total freshwater [1]. Such a precious asset deserves careful management to preserve its quality and to avoid wastes in water distribution systems.approximately 40% of the water flowing through the Brazilian water supply systems in Brazil is lost. The Brazilian territory holds around 12% of the world’s total freshwater [1] Such a precious asset deserves careful management to preserve its quality and to avoid wastes in water distribution systems. Smart water management in supply systems is essential to optimize the use of water resources and the quality of service In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) can be a valuable tool, as it enables the integration of multiple technologies, storing and analyzing data from different sources in real-time, and extracting contextual information. Imperative processes specify how the users must execute the rules, stating all possible dependencies between tasks. This difference is fundamental for declarative processes in environments of uncertainty and constant change as in the field of water management.
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