Abstract
The absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnostic and management solutions cause significant morbidity among populations in rural areas and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emergency. To tackle this problem, in this paper, the development of an Internet of things (IoT) assisted ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system is presented. The system’s wearable single-channel data acquisition device supports 25 h of continuous operation. A right leg drive (RLD) circuit supported analog frontend (AFE) with a high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 121 dB and a digitally implemented notch filter is used to suppress power-line frequency interference. The wearable device continuously sends the collected ECG data via Bluetooth to the user’s smartphone. An application on the user’s smartphone renders real-time ECG trace and heart rate and detects abnormal heart rhythms. This data are then shared in real-time with the user’s doctor via a real-time cloud database. An application on the doctor’s smartphone allows real-time visualization of this data and detection of arrhythmias. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that reliable ECG signals can be captured with low latency and the heart rate computation is comparable to a commercial application. Low cost, scalability, low latency, real-time ECG monitoring, and improved performance of the system make the system highly suitable for the real-time remote identification and management of CVDs in users of rural areas and in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of deaths globally [1]
The Internet of things (IoT) strategy has been successfully implemented in many countries for remote diagnosis and evaluation of patients and addresses the geographical maldistribution of cardiologists
The system consists of multiple patients with a chest belt-based or wearable strap-based data acquisition and wireless transmission unit (DATU) and three electrodes attached to it
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of deaths globally [1]. Individuals in rural communities often experience limited access to healthcare services and have high rates of obesity, CVD, and stroke [3]. The biggest barriers to accessing cardiovascular care for rural populations include poor or non-existing transportation, cardiology workforce, and cardiology services. Internet of things (IoT) based health monitoring is a key telehealth strategy that has received increasing attention in recent years as a technological way to confront poor health outcomes and bolster access to clinical services in rural communities. More recently, the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emergency has enforced traditional in-person visits to the IoT based health monitoring systems to overcome the difficulties and deliver care. The growing application of smartphones, combined with parallel advances in the IoT and cloud technologies, has enabled real-time remote ECG monitoring by remote healthcare centers [8,9,10,11]
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