Abstract
Lack of water resources, on the one hand and degradation of the quality of available resources; on the other hand, raise serious concerns about water supply. Limited water resources in some areas necessitate planning for use of unconventional resources, such as: Unconventional and recyclable water resources, which should be used optimally. Therefore, there is an increasing need for use of low-quality water in areas where freshwater is scarce, in which case, unconventional water resources (such as saline water, brackish water and household wastewater) can be considered as valuable resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of water extraction from household wastewater (greywater) and surface water running in villages in Abadan and to simultaneously evaluate some water collection systems to find the best one in order to use these water resources as unconventional and recyclable water resources for various uses such as: Agriculture and irrigation of date palms. In the present study, we investigated three systems for the collection of surface water and household wastewater (greywater) in villages of Abadan The studied systems included: A conventional system, a small-diameter gravity sewer system and a simplified conventional system. We evaluated the said systems using all three methods in five villages of Abadan County as case studies. While estimating the economic cost of implementing each of these systems and taking into account the existing economic, social and cultural constraints, we recommended the most suitable system for the extraction and collection of wastewater and surface water in the region considering the lack of a system for the collecting and disposal of surface water and wastewater. The results indicated that the small-diameter gravity sewer system was more preferable than the other two methods. The studied villages included Albuhameed Manyoohi, Abudgol of Arvandkenar, Hadd of Arvandkenar, Sadat of Bahmanshir and Tarreh Bakhakh.
Highlights
Iran is one of the countries located in arid and semiarid areas and it is faced with the heterogeneous and inappropriate spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in addition to its low average annual precipitation
In this study, taking account of the implementation cost and sociocultural problems associated with the construction of gravity systems in low-density areas, we offered the best option for collecting household wastewater and surface water in villages of Abadan
Due to the condition that requires the minimum tensile stress to be provided in the simplified conventional system, the average depth of excavation is greater in this system than in the other methods
Summary
Iran is one of the countries located in arid and semiarid areas and it is faced with the heterogeneous and inappropriate spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in addition to its low average annual precipitation. These issues, in general, have increased the potential for water shortage and the likelihood of drought in Iran and have even caused a lot of problems in terms of water supply under normal circumstances in some. Cities and areas which face shortages of surface and underground freshwater resources and which are mainly located near sea and/or on saline and/or brackish water aquifers, should make maximum use of these resources to obtain their needed water. It is considered essential for these areas to make use of modern technologies and solutions to obtain fresh water
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