Abstract
Stormwater runoff monitoring was carried out from 2011 to 2015 to investigate the relationships between rainfall conditions (antecedent dry days (ADDs), rainfall intensity, depth and duration), and water quality parameters of stormwater from a paved road in Korea. Factor analysis suggested that the effect of rainfall conditions on the concentrations of selected pollutants varied depending on the pollutant. As total COD (total chemical oxygen demand) concentration increased, the level of heavy metals increased and resulted in a decrease of BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) because of their toxicity. In addition, ADDs had a significant impact on the wash-off of solids from paved road. The predominant particles in stormwater were 30 μm and smaller, and increased in concentration as ADDs increased. Thus, the initial load of accumulated particles became a major factor in the wash-off process. The mass of particle-related pollutants was also subject to the effect of ADDs due to the affinity between pollutants and predominant particles (<30 μm). However, the effect of ADDs on the mass of organic matter and nitrogen was relatively weak. ADDs contributed to the decrease of some pollutants by photo-oxidation, volatilization and natural decay over dry days, as well as desorption from solids during rainfall.
Highlights
Stormwater runoff from impervious areas has been regarded as an important non-point pollution source, containing abundant contaminants which can deteriorate the water quality and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment [1,2,3]
The event mean concentration (EMC) of selected pollutants were strongly correlated to rainfall conditions, while different rainfall conditions affected different pollutants
The EMC of total nitrogen (TN) was not related to any rainfall conditions, due to its variable forms
Summary
Stormwater runoff from impervious areas has been regarded as an important non-point pollution source, containing abundant contaminants which can deteriorate the water quality and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment [1,2,3]. Best management practices (BMPs) and low impact developments (LIDs) have been proposed around the world. The design and improvement of BMPs and LIDs are mainly related to the water quality of stormwater and rainfall conditions. Stormwater flowing across the impervious surface, suspends particles and transports them to water bodies, which can lead to various impacts in the nearby ecological environment. It is much more difficult to control particle-combined pollutants in stormwater because of the random nature of rainfall, and the uncertainty of the pollution source [5]. It is important to identify the accumulation and transportation of pollutants, and their affecting factors
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