Abstract
The research purpose of this work is guiding the spatial morphological design of blocks via relevant indicators to realize suitable wind environments. In doing so, it is necessary to find the most suitable indicator types and value ranges for each urban spatial morphology. At present, most of the relevant research has been based on the numerical simulation of ideal block shapes and rarely proposes results based on actual block types, which often tend to be complex environments. Therefore, this paper firstly presents a theoretical speculation on the main factors influencing indicator effectiveness via analyzing physical significance and formulating principles for each indicator. These speculations are verified via wind environment measurement and statistical analysis, indicating that porosity (P0) can be used as an important indicator to guide the design of block wind environments in the case of deep street canyons, while frontal area density (λF) can be used as a supplement in shallow street canyons with no height differences. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to quantify the impact of block height difference and street canyon depth on λF and P0, thereby finding suitable types of urban form and value ranges for λF and P0. This paper provides a feasible wind environment index system for urban designers.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
According to the wind environment data collection based on real urban morphologies, 660 sets of data were collected at each measuring point, and a total of 250,080 sets of data were collected at 19 measuring points and 3 reference points
The correlations between the wind velocity ratio (WVR) and urban spatial morphology indicators were analyzed with different blocks (19 samples were provided from 19 measurement points)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Urban microclimates are affected by many factors, meaning that they represent an interdisciplinary field; the perspectives and contributions of different disciplines are often different. In terms of architecture and urban planning, one of the main research objectives is to find the describable laws between urban morphologies and urban microclimates in order to optimize urban microclimates through effective urban spatial morphology control. The parameter pertaining to the urban spatial morphology is an important correlation factor between the urban form and urban microclimate. It could guide the spatial morphological design of blocks to realize suitable wind environments. Japanese meteorologist Lettau used the concept of “roughness”
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