An investigation of the crystalline and electronic structures of a 4:3:3:4 layered Bi–Ca–Sr–Cu oxide

Abstract

Semiconducting samples of a Bi–Ca–Sr–Cu oxide, having a nominal composition 4:3:3:4, were prepared by melting high purity oxides of the various elements. Superconducting samples were obtained by annealing the semiconducting samples at a temperature close to the melting temperature. Electrical resistivity measurements indicated the presence of two superconducting phases, one with the onset temperature at about 110 K, the other with a significantly lower onset temperature. The presence of this second phase is proven by the x-ray powder diffraction patterns. The crystalline structures of both the semiconductor and superconductor samples have almost equal lattice parameters and are orthorhombic, but belong to different space groups: Fmmm and Bbmm, respectively. No significant amount of the 110 K superconducting phase was present in the diffraction pattern of the superconducting compound. XPS and XANES data on the Ca atom indicate that a different electronic state of Ca is present in the superconducting compound, which still contains an appreciable amount of the semiconducting phase.