An investigation of socio-demographic factors surrounding childhood drowning accidents

Abstract

An analysis of socio-demographic features surrounding childhood (0–15 yr) drowning and near-drowning accidents is recorded. The demographic profile of childhood fresh water immersions differs radically from that relating to adult drownings. Two distinct age groups of children can be identified at risk. Children of older parents, and children who are members of large families are particularly vulnerable to immersion accidents. Differences in social class (occupational status) are significant as predisposing influences, with a high concentration of swimming pool accidents in upper social class families; bath-tub accidents occur almost exclusively in lower social class homes. Children within single-parent families are not particularly at risk. Evidence is presented which indicates that socio-demographic patterns differ significantly between fatal and non-fatal cases. A significant birth order effect in child trauma is presented for the first time. Birth rank and immigrant status effects have been observed in the survivor group only. The relevance and implications of these findings for the planning of public health preventative strategies are discussed.