Abstract
AbstractIt has been demonstrated that retrieval practice on a subset of studied items can cause forgetting of different related studied items. This retrieval-induced forgetting (the RIF effect) has been demonstrated in a variety of recall studies and has been attributed to an inhibitory mechanism activated during retrieval practice by competition for a shared retrieval cue. The current study generalizes the RIF effect to recognition memory and investigates this competition assumption. Experiment 1 demonstrated an effect of RIF effect in item recognition with incidental encoding of category-exemplar association during the study phase. Experiment 2 demonstrated evidence of RIF with use of an independent retrieval cue during retrieval practice. Results from this study indicate that response competition may occur outside of the retrieval-practice phase, or may not be limited to situations where there is an overt link to a shared category cue.
Highlights
Successful memory retrieval can serve to improve subsequent memory for the previously retrieved information (Allen, Mahler, & Estes, 1969; Carrier & Pashler, 1992; Gardiner, Craik, & Bleasdale, 1973; Gotts & Jacoby, 1974)
A retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) effect was reflected in the pattern of recognition hit rates, which followed the order Rp+ > Nrp > Rp−
If retrieval practice occurs in the form of Fruit—Banana, any unpracticed target items that would strongly compete with the target word (Banana, Bear, Blue) for the category label cue (Fruit, Animal, Color) would be suppressed during retrieval practice of the target word (Banana, Bear, Blue) and the result of this suppression would be evident in retrieval impairment of these competing items (e.g. Apple, Dog, Red) on the final memory test
Summary
Successful memory retrieval can serve to improve subsequent memory for the previously retrieved information (Allen, Mahler, & Estes, 1969; Carrier & Pashler, 1992; Gardiner, Craik, & Bleasdale, 1973; Gotts & Jacoby, 1974). Studies of retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF; Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994), have demonstrated that prior retrievals can make subsequent recall of semantically related information more difficult. This phenomenon is thought to be driven by competition for two or more items in memory for a shared retrieval cue. Glanc’s research focuses primarily on visual word recognition and how different aspects of the visual experience inform the memory process. She is largely interested in a multidisciplinary approach to memory research, investigating how phenomena from linguistics, cognitive, and even social psychology influence information processing
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