Abstract
Removal of emulsified oil through the adsorption process using adsorbents from waste material is a cost-effective process. However, the determination of optimum conditions for the maximum removal at a minimum number of trials is the greatest challenge. The Taguchi method provides a solution for determining optimum conditions at a minimum number of trials with greater accuracy. The present research developed novel adsorbent carbonised coconut fibres prepared by thermally carbonising coconut waste for removal of emulsified oil from water. The analysis of variance revealed the influencing factors and their percentage contribution in the following order: initial concentration > pH > temperature > dose of adsorbent > contact time. The optimum conditions for maximum oil removal (about 98%) are pH of 2, dose of adsorbent of 6 g/l, temperature of 40°C, initial concentration of 500 mg/l and contact time of 180 min as per the analysis of means. The equilibrium studies suggested that the present adsorption process fitted best the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of carbonised coconut fibres was found to be 20.23 mg/g. The kinetic data fitted better the pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic enthalpy ΔH = 33.65 kJ/mol; thus, the adsorption of cutting oil is endothermic.
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