An Investigation of Associations Between Management and Feather Damage in Canadian Laying Hens Housed in Furnished Cages.

Caitlin Decina,Olaf Berke,Nienke Van Staaveren,Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek,Tina Widowski,Christine Baes

doi:10.3390/ani9040135

Abstract

Simple SummaryFeather damage due to feather pecking behaviour remains a serious welfare concern in flocks of egg-laying hens housed in large groups. A better understanding of the farm factors that contribute to feather damage is needed, especially as Canadian egg farming transitions away from conventional cage housing systems and into alternative, larger group systems. This study aimed to explore bird, housing, and management associations with feather damage in Canadian laying hens housed in furnished cage systems. Twenty-six laying hen farms housing birds in furnished cages were surveyed across the country, along with the scoring of feather condition of 50 hens from each flock. Factors found to have an influence on greater feather damage seen in flocks included increasing age, having all brown-feathered hens, the practice of midnight feeding, and hens not having access to a scratching area or additional foraging material. These results support existing evidence that feather damage is the result of multiple factors, with genetics and foraging opportunity being some of the most important. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of related intervention strategies.Feather pecking is a continuous welfare challenge in the housing of egg-laying hens. Canada is currently making the transition from conventional cages to alternative housing systems. However, feather damage (FD) among laying hens due to feather pecking remains a welfare concern. An explorative approach was taken to assess bird, housing, and management associations with FD in Canadian laying hens housed in alternative systems. A questionnaire focused on housing and management practices was administered to 122 laying farms across Canada in autumn of 2017 (response rate of 52.5%), yielding information on a subset of 26 flocks housed in furnished cages. Additionally, a three-point feather cover scoring system was developed to estimate the prevalence of FD. Farmers assessed FD by sampling 50 birds per flock. Linear regression modeling was applied to explain FD as a function of 6 variables (out of an available 54). Of the 6 modeled variables, “increased age”, “brown feather colour”, “midnight feeding”, and “no scratch area” were associated with higher levels of FD at farm level (R2 = 0.77). The results indicated that FD resulting from feather pecking is a multifactorial problem, and supported existing evidence that FD increases as birds age. These results also suggested that “feather colour”, “midnight feeding”, and “access to (or lack of) a scratch area or additional substrate” play a role in FD prevalence in furnished cages.

Highlights

Today’s egg-laying hens face a multitude of welfare challenges, one of the most prominent being that of feather pecking (FP), which is experienced across all types of modern housing systems [1,2,3]
For the first time in Canada, this study estimated the prevalence of feather damage (FD) on farms housing laying hens in furnished cages, revealing that on average, 22% of birds display moderate or severe FD due to FP
It is evident that FD currently poses a problem for Canadian farmers and for those transitioning into furnished cage housing in the coming years

Summary

Introduction

Today’s egg-laying hens face a multitude of welfare challenges, one of the most prominent being that of feather pecking (FP), which is experienced across all types of modern housing systems [1,2,3].FP is a behaviour where hens peck, pull [4], or pluck at [5], and sometimes eat the feathers of their conspecifics [6,7], causing feather damage (FD), including feather loss, typically on the back/rump, vent, and tail area [8,9,10]. The act of FP is considered to be a form of redirected foraging behaviour, where the feathers of other birds become a substrate of interest resulting in FD [15,16]. This behaviour is triggered by multiple factors including elements of housing design and environment, where stress and frustration can result from nesting, perching, dustbathing, and foraging needs not being met, in combination with factors such as rearing conditions, diet composition, and bird strain [17]. Genetic differences in particular can have significant impact on propensity to feather peck due to FP heritability [18], as well as level of fearfulness and the ability to cope with stressors that may trigger FP [19,20]

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