An investigation into the socio-economic conditions of agricultural labourers in Thiruvalai Panchayat, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Agricultural progress is commonly considered as a prerequisite of economic development. While modern times associate economic growth with industrialization, it is widely acknowledged that a strong agricultural foundation is essential for industrialization to thrive. In developing economies, giving priority to agriculture is crucial to hasten economic advancement. Initially, agricultural operations were carried out by hired labourers. The Labour Enquiry Committee (1950-51) defined agricultural labourers as individuals who work for more than half of the total number of days in a year for wages. In the Indian society, agricultural labourers belong to the lowest rung of the socio-economic ladder, facing significant disadvantages such as low wages, poor working conditions, and irregular employment. Their earnings barely allow for a subsistence level of living, leading to hand-to-mouth existence. This paper aims to investigate the socio-economic conditions of agricultural labourers in the Thiruvali Panchayat, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District of Tamil Nadu. The study indicates that wages are remarkably low, and steps should be taken to ensure these workers earn a regular and fair income. It suggests implementing equal pay for equal work in both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors. Additionally, the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) could assist agricultural labourers during the off-season, necessitating an increase in wages and the number of days of employment.