Abstract
The coil spring is an important element in the suspension system of railway vehicles, and its structural vibration caused by the mass distribution can deteriorate the dynamic performance of the vehicle. However, the coil spring is usually modelled as a simple linear force element without considering the dynamic characteristics in multibody dynamic simulations of railway vehicles. To integrate the dynamic characteristics of the coil spring into the simulation, three equivalent dynamic models of the coil spring are established by treating the coil spring as multimass spring series, Timoshenko beam, and flexible spring, respectively. The frequency-sweep method is applied to obtain the dynamic response of the proposed models of coil spring, and the accuracy of the models’ results has been compared and verified by the laboratory test. Results show that all of these three equivalent models can reflect the influence of the spring mass distribution on its dynamic responses. Compared with the mass-spring series and beam element equivalent models, the flexible spring model can better reflect the dynamic stiffness and stress of the coil spring changing with the exciting frequency. Thus, the flexible spring model proposed in this paper is more applicable to railway vehicle system dynamics and the fatigue analysis.
Highlights
Multibody vehicle dynamics simulation has become a very common and important design instrument, allowing the assessment and optimization of vehicle performance from the early stage of the design process. e accuracy of rail vehicle multibody models is mainly affected by the wheel–rail contact model and the suspension component model [1]. e suspension system mainly consists of the coil spring, rubber spring, air spring, and hydraulic damper
In order to ensure the consistency of the three models of coil spring with the tested spring, these static stiffnesses of the multi-mass-spring series model, beam element equivalent model, and flexible spring equivalent model are compared with the test results, as shown in Table 5. e above static stiffness is obtained when the excitation frequency is very low
In order to consider the dynamic characteristics of coil springs in multibody dynamics calculation, three equivalent dynamic models of multi-mass-spring series, Timoshenko beam, and flexible spring are proposed
Summary
Multibody vehicle dynamics simulation has become a very common and important design instrument, allowing the assessment and optimization of vehicle performance from the early stage of the design process. e accuracy of rail vehicle multibody models is mainly affected by the wheel–rail contact model and the suspension component model [1]. e suspension system mainly consists of the coil spring, rubber spring, air spring, and hydraulic damper. Sun et al [12, 13] established the finite element model of the coil spring and analyzed the dynamic stiffness characteristics of the spring by using the mode superposition method. Liu and Zhang [15] established the finite element model of the central suspension spring and proposed the method of multidegree of freedom equivalent spring model to obtain the dynamic stiffness. In order to consider the changes of stiffness and stress with frequency caused by spring mass and vibration in the multibody vehicle dynamics simulation, three equivalent dynamic models of coil spring are established by using, respectively, three methods of mass-spring series, Timoshenko beam, and flexible body substructure. The dynamic characteristics of the spring and the accuracy of the three equivalent models are verified by the dynamic characteristics test
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