Abstract
On March 23 and 24, 2024, the M-class and X-class solar storms significantly intensified. Subsequently, from March 24 to 26, the monitoring station’s Kp index notably increased, at times exceeding 8, indicating that a severe geomagnetic storm was occurring. During this period, the IGS Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) displayed a substantial decrease in Total Electron Content (TEC) in Western Europe due to the impact of the intense geomagnetic storms. To investigate this occurrence, data from the Lowell GIRO Data Center were utilized. The analysis revealed that a concentrated solar flare eruption on March 23, 2024, triggered geomagnetic storm events on Earth, causing significant ionospheric anomalies in Western European countries. Specifically, compared to typical levels, parameters such as foF2, m3000F2, and TEC values experienced significant reductions in Western European countries. Moreover, the hmF2 data exhibited higher values at night and lower values during the day, deviating from the expected diurnal pattern. Analysis of the Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) indicated varying effects of geomagnetic storms across different latitudes in Western Europe. Through detailed graphical analysis, this study elucidates the alterations in the ionosphere under geomagnetic storm conditions in Western Europe, shedding light on the dynamic behavior of the ionosphere during a specific timeframe.
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