Abstract
Daily measurements of soot and sulfate aerosols at urban and nonurban locations in Southern Sweden are used to demonstrate that an appreciable long range transport of these substances takes place with source regions in the SE-SW directions. Comparison with anthropogenic emissions shows that distant sources—more than 1000 km away—give significant contributions. The rate of formation of sulfate aerosols from oxidation of SO 2 has been studied. It has been found that, as a mean value for Swedish towns, only about 5 per cent of the emitted sulfur has been oxidized and formed sulfate aerosols within the first tens of minutes that the air parcel is still within the town. Total aerosol concentration has been estimated from visibility observations. A clear correlation between sulfate concentration and total aerosol mass has been found, although the mass of sulfate ions was only a small fraction of the total aerosol mass.
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