Abstract
The prospect and potentiality of interfacing minds with machines has long captured human imagination. Recent advances in biomedical engineering, computer science, and neuroscience are making brain–computer interfaces a reality, paving the way to restoring and potentially augmenting human physical and mental capabilities. Applications of brain–computer interfaces are being explored in applications as diverse as security, lie detection, alertness monitoring, gaming, education, art, and human cognition augmentation. The present tutorial aims to survey the principal features and challenges of brain–computer interfaces (such as reliable acquisition of brain signals, filtering and processing of the acquired brainwaves, ethical and legal issues related to brain–computer interface (BCI), data privacy, and performance assessment) with special emphasis to biomedical engineering and automation engineering applications. The content of this paper is aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners to glimpse the multifaceted world of brain–computer interfacing.
Highlights
Severe neurological and cognitive disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury, could destroy the pathways through which the brain communicates with and controls its external environment [1,2]
Considering that the data associated with brain–computer interface (BCI) applications are highly sensitive, special attention should be given to keeping their integrity and security
The authors of this paper proposed a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based system made of semi-active RFID tags placed on the patient’s scalp
Summary
Severe neurological and cognitive disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury, could destroy the pathways through which the brain communicates with and controls its external environment [1,2]. The use of mental states to trigger surroundings and to control the external environment can be achieved via passive brain–computer interfaces (pBCIs) to replace a lost function in persons with severe motor disabilities and without possibility of function recovery (i.e., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or brainstem stroke) [18]. In such instances, BCI is used as a system that allows for direct communication between the brain and distant devices. The content of the present tutorial paper is aimed at getting a glimpse of the multifaceted and multidisciplinary world of brain–computer interfacing and allied topics
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