Abstract
The present study aims at exploring the system of appeals in Iran, Egypt and France in order to gain a better understanding of those systems. Firstly, the French legal system is explored. The organization of the French courts consists of the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and The Cour de Cassation. Under the French legal system, there are a few specific rules concerning appeal from judgment and appeal from other factors. Secondly, the Egyptian legal system as a codified law system was considered. It consists of three courts of First, Instance and Cassation. In fact, the Egyptian court of Appeal reconsiders felony cases. In general, the Egyptian Courts of appeal include eight courts and each court is independent and hears specific kinds of Claims such as economical and criminal matters. Thirdly, Iranian appeal system such as its deadline, effects and types is examined.
Highlights
The court of First InstanceThe courts of first instance are as following. The civil court (tribunal de grande instance) concerns with many issues such as family disputes, property leases and civil actions for defamation
1.1 Comparison of SystemsThe French legal system has origins in Roman law and is on the basis of codified laws
When a case is heard by a court in a case, one party tries to complain and make an appeal against the verdict and wants to change the final decision
Summary
The courts of first instance are as following. The civil court (tribunal de grande instance) concerns with many issues such as family disputes, property leases and civil actions for defamation. The commercial court hears commercial cases such as litigation between traders or between traders and commercial companies These courts are “composed of non-professional judges, called “consular judges” (abergel-associes, 2019). In France, the labor court (conseil de prud’hommes) resolves the disputes related to employment contracts These disputes are resolved by “judges who are elected from the business community based on their commercial expertise and their legal experience” (Paris City of Law, 2018). The main aim of the Cour de Cassation is “rather to ensure a uniformity of the interpretation of the law among all the French courts” (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019) As well, it is the single court in France that tries “to achieve uniformity of interpretation for the whole Republic” (courdecassation, 2019)
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