Abstract
As an introduction to this thesis work on formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies, here we give a brief review on our current knowledge of various aspects of dwarf galaxies in the local universe. In particular, we will introduce the definition of dwarf irregular galaxies, the star formation (SF) properties of dwarf irregular galaxies, the SF histories of dwarf galaxies, the techniques used for studying the stellar populations of dwarf galaxies, and the difference and similarities of the evolutionary properties of dwarf and spiral galaxies. We will also cover the topics related to turbulent properties of the interstellar medium in dwarf galaxies. At the end, we will give the cosmological context in which dwarf galaxies play a unique role in our understanding of the standard cosmological models.
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