Abstract
Renewable energy sources, which are controllable under the management of the microgrids with the contribution of energy storage systems and smart inverters, can support power system frequency regulation along with traditionally frequency control providers. This issue will not be viable without a robust communication architecture that meets all communication specification requirements of frequency regulation, including latency, reliability, and security. Therefore, this paper focuses on providing a communication framework of interacting between the power grid management system and microgrid central controller. In this scenario, the microgrid control center is integrated into the utility grid as a frequency regulation supporter for the main grid. This communication structure emulates the information model of the IEC 61850 protocol to meet interoperability. By employing IoT’s transmission protocol data distribution services, the structure satisfies the communication requirements for interacting in the wide-area network. This paper represents an interoperable information model for the microgrid central controller and power system management sectors’ interactions based on the IEC 61850–8–2 standard. Furthermore, we evaluate our scenario by measuring the latency, reliability, and security performance of data distribution services on a real communication testbed.
Highlights
R3 aggregated power plant by deploying renewable energy sources (RES), energy storage systems (ESS), and responsive loads (RL) instead of conventional bulk generation units [16]. These cases would not be applicable without a robust, real-time, reliable, and secure communication architecture happening in the wide-area network (WAN) because the provision of ancillary service (AS) and frequency regulation (FR) in the power grid should be available in a limited time
The excellent latency performance of the pure data distribution services (DDS)-based system in Case I validates the importance of scheduling MG performance to participate in AS provision of the utility grid, our results confirm the feasibility of MG deployment as an active element for the power grid frequency regulation
From the introduction of smart inverters, the RESs, which are threads of power system stability due to their intermittence characteristics have a significant potential of turning into stability assistants
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The presence of energy storage systems (ESS) and responsive loads (RL) allows the MGs to participate in the electricity market as a prosumer, selling overproduced electricity and buying in case of resources unavailability or system failure in grid-connected mode [10] These characteristics have brought the opportunity of employing MG as an ancillary service (AS) provider of utility grid, including voltage control, black-start aid, and especially frequency regulation (FR). R3 aggregated power plant by deploying RES, ESS, and RL instead of conventional bulk generation units [16] These cases would not be applicable without a robust, real-time, reliable, and secure communication architecture happening in the wide-area network (WAN) because the provision of AS and FR in the power grid should be available in a limited time. In response to communication requirements of interaction in smart grid, mapping the IEC 61850 onto data distribution services (DDS) will be considered in this paper. This paper implemented agent communication language (ACL) for communication among utility and agents instead of XML, which is a message format of the IEC 61850
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