Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a huge interest in the Internet of Things (hereinafter IoT) field. Among the large number of IoT technologies, the low-power wide-area network (hereinafter LPWAN) has emerged providing low power, low data-rate communication over long distances, enabling battery-operated devices to operate for long time periods. This paper introduces an application of long-range (hereinafter LoRa) technology, one of the most popular LPWANs, to volcanic surveillance. The first low-power and low-cost wireless network based on LoRa to monitor the soil temperature in thermal anomaly zones in volcanic areas has been developed. A total of eight thermometers (end devices) have been deployed on a Teide volcano in Tenerife (Canary Islands). In addition, a repeater device was developed to extend the network range when the gateway did not have a line of sight connection with the thermometers. Combining LoRa communication capabilities with microchip microcontrollers (end devices and repeater) and a Raspberry Pi board (gateway), three main milestones have been achieved: (i) extreme low-power consumption, (ii) real-time and proper temperature acquisition, and (iii) a reliable network operation. The first results are shown. These results provide enough quality for a proper volcanic surveillance.
Highlights
Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena that can significantly affect populations in their immediate surroundings and even at greater distances
Conclusion wireless network based on IoT that can be used for monitoring thermal anomalies in volcanic areas
This article describes the of development of the firstprotocol, reliable, the robust, low-power, and low-cost in real-time
Summary
Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena that can significantly affect populations in their immediate surroundings and even at greater distances. WSN solutions already cover a very broad range of application areas such as medical [19,20,21], environmental [22,23], military [24,25], precision agriculture [26,27,28], animal tracking [29,30], smart spaces [31,32], or surveillance [33,34,35], and research and technology advances continuously expand their application field With their low power consumption and ease of deployment, WSN are a promising technology when considering volcano monitoring [35,36].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
