An international comparison of sustainable coastal zone management policies

This study discusses the management of coastal resources in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) with a focus on current conditions, integrated management strategies, and policy recommendations. The NTB Provincial Government has issued NTB Governor Regulation Number 100 of 2023 concerning Whale Shark Management in the Saleh Bay Waters to regulate management and tourism activities in the area. However, challenges such as environmental degradation, land use conflicts, and climate change remain major obstacles. This research employs a literature review method with a normative approach and qualitative data analysis. The results indicate that effective coastal resource management requires the integration of local knowledge, community-based management practices, and sustainable management policies. Active community participation and collaboration between the government, communities, and other stakeholders are crucial to achieving harmony between economic utilization and environmental conservation. One of the coastal areas that has become a tourist destination and a coastal management program is in Labuhan Jambu Village, Sumbawa, which focuses on whale shark ecotourism. Awareness of human responsibility towards nature and the integration of science, technology, and local values are also necessary for the sustainable management of coastal resources in NTB.

Capacity-building for coastal climate change adaptation in the Pacific Island countries (PICs) is paramount in ensuring resilience building and sustaina-ble management of coastal resources. The Pacific-European Union Marine Partnership (PEUMP) program, through its capacity-building component, works at achieving this by supporting delivery of technical and vocation education and training (TVET) and continuing professional development programs. The PEUMP training programs focus on addressing capacity needs associated with coastal resource management in the PICs, including but not limited to, inadequate economic considerations in coastal fisheries regulations; limited capacity to support community-based coastal resource management; insufficient Pacific-relevant training and qualifications for sustainable coastal resource management through inclusive approaches; and insufficient in-depth understanding of the government’s role in com-munity and ecosystem-based approaches. To address some of these gaps PEUMP delivered TVET programs, micro-qualifications, non-formal training, and professional short courses across 15 PICs. Post-training impact assess-ments found the PEUMP training programs to have improved the knowledge and skills of participants, with more than 70 percent of the par-ticipants gaining new skills and/or knowledge, which they attempted to pass on to their colleagues. A number of lessons learned were identified through the PEUMP training programs, such as the pros and cons of deliv-ering training through virtual means within the Pacific context. The article wraps up with a set of recommendations as a way forward for capaci-ty-building in the Pacific Island region through further inclusive training, localization, and community-based approaches.

Coastal resource management in the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province has faced various challenges, ranging from environmental degradation to resource use conflicts. The approach of local policies or local wisdom emerges as a potential solution to address these issues. This study aims to examine how local wisdom can be integrated into coastal resource management policies in NTB. The method used involves observation and literature review. The findings indicate that local wisdom, such as awig-awig in the West Nusa Tenggara Province and interactive communicative strategies in Sumbawa, holds great potential in enhancing ecological intelligence and sustainable coastal resource management.

Sustainable management of coastal resources depends on human knowledge and perceptions of natural resources and coastal environments. However, empirical evidence has been limited in order to understand linkages between knowledge, perceptions and collective actions to achieve sustainable resource management. This case study analyzed perceptions and knowledge among diverse stakeholders: villagers, government officials, scientists and staff of a non-governmental organization who are collaboratively working in a Fijian coastal community to manage the local coastal resources. Analyses were made using the integrated local environmental knowledge (ILEK) concept and frameworks of discourse analysis to clarify interlinkages between perceptions, knowledge and collective actions for a variety of examples. Research was conducted in Kumi village on the island of Viti Levu in Fiji, and the investigated projects included the management of a locally managed marine area, seaweed aquaculture, sea cucumber restoration and ginger plantations. These initiatives have shown that diverse knowledge on coastal resources and environments influence perceptions among people in a complex way, and transformation of perceptions produced new sets of knowledge through the generation of hypotheses regarding the management of coastal resources. Collective actions were promoted by the transformation of perceptions, and social learning processes were mobilized by these collective actions. Traditional institutions, cultures and leadership roles deeply embedded in the local communities had strong influences on shared perceptions among community members to provide foundations for collective actions. Dynamic transformations of perceptions promoted by integrated knowledge among community members were critical enablers of collective actions to achieve sustainable resource management.

The relevance of environmental conflict research for coastal management. A review of concepts, approaches and methods with a focus on Europe

The efficient mapping of seaweed cultivation over large areas is essential for supporting sustainable management of coastal resources. This study introduces a novel Spectral-Spatial Deep Learning model that integrates spectral and spatial data from high-resolution remote sensing imagery to automate and improve the accuracy of seaweed cultivation mapping. Based on a Convolutional Neural Network architecture, UNet, enhanced with a Spectral-Spatial Attention Module, the model effectively captures the complex relationships between seaweed and its environment. PlanetScope imagery, known for its high spectral and spatial resolution, serves as the primary input data. The model’s performance was evaluated using evaluation metrics, achieving an accuracy of 94.71 %, loss of 13.09 %, precision of 80.93 %, recall of 73.63 %, and Intersection over Union (IoU) of 48.51 % on the training data. For the validation data, the model attained an accuracy of 93.64 %, loss of 16.75 %, precision of 84.34 %, recall of 57.57 %, and IoU of 42.98 %. These results demonstrate the model’s ability to rapidly and accurately map seaweed cultivation areas, making it a valuable tool for environmental monitoring. Highlights Efficient mapping of seaweed cultivation over large areas is crucial for sustainable coastal resource management. Remote sensing technology, integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods like Deep Learning, enhances the efficiency of seaweed cultivation mapping. The integration of remote sensing’s spatial, spectral, and temporal advantages with Deep Learning-based image segmentation forms the foundation for automating seaweed cultivation mapping.

The mode of food production has undergone dramatic changes in the last century and some regional aquaculture system has been facing various kinds of challenges including, natural disasters, pollution, climate changes, demographic change of local population, etc. In this paper, I would like to use the case of oyster farming both in Hong Kong and France to highlight the understanding of social resilience after natural and environmental disasters and to investigate the significance of community engagement for the rescue of the local aquacultural industry. Many of the daily ingredients we use today are in fact global in origin, but oyster farming has a strong local root because of the expected variation of salinity, temperature and diversity of infaunal organisms for the aquaculture practice. oyster farming has a long history in different parts of the world, and relevant communities have rich experience for the sustainable coastal resource management and strong senses of responsibility on safeguarding the traditions for various reasons. Making use of the comparative ethnographic approach, I will examine individual and community responses towards pollution and sudden environmental changes in relation to oyster farming. Hong Kong's northeastern coast and its surrounding commercial aquaculture, is facing an immeasurable threat resulting from many factors infrastructural development in the lower basin of the Pearl River, aging of the local community, industrial pollution, market competition brought by the economic reform taken place in mainland China. And these impacts might bring the decline of the traditional shrimp, oyster and freshwater fishing industry; furthermore, the loss of these primary coastal industries might bring difficulties in wetland conservation and the effects should not be overlooked. The historical development of oyster community reflects significant social change not only in the northwestern side of the New Territories but also Hong Kong, but we lack intensive case studies which illustrate the complexity of the various kinds of fishing industries and relevant knowledge inherited. In this paper, I aim to examine the resilience of these coastal resources not only from the ecological perspectives but also from the social and cultural perspectives. For example, how and why local community keep the traditions, what kinds of helps conservation NGOs brought in, whether government offers suitable helps for the people, and why local people insist to continue given all the difficulties and challenges. I would also like to extend the discussion with the experience of oyster farming in France in order to better understand the local community's relationships with the government, developers and environmentalists in a cultural-political context, and hopefully identify their problems and challenges for the future worldwide research of food heritage.

Indonesian legislative framework for coastal resources management: A critical review and recommendation

<p>This paper addressed the issue of sustainable coastal resource management through a successful Community-Based Coastal Resource Management (CB-CRM) Program in the Municipality of Mariveles, province of Bataan in the Philippines. The paper investigated how governance and institutional and legislative framework, and the concept of sustainable development complemented each other to promote good local eco-governance in the management and protection of finite local marine resources. Specifically, it analyzed how the local fisherfolk community of Mariveles utilized efficiently their finite marine resources in the context of eco-governance. It also investigated how the cooperative efforts of various stakeholders: peoples’ organizations (POs), local government unit (LGU), and a non- government organization (NGO) in Mariveles, Bataan affected their coastal resources against environmental degradation and exploitation. This paper would benefit POs, LGUs, and NGOs in their quest for sustainable management and conservation of their limited coastal resources. This paper yielded the following findings. First, POs and NGOs engage when NGOs can strengthen the POs’ capacity building through the transfer of skills and technology, when NGOs can enhance the POs’ indigenous knowledge, and when NGOs are more knowledgeable of formal venues of LGU participation. Second, LGUs, NGOs and POs engage when POs and NGOs can complement each other to strengthen their capacity building, and when NGOs can help implement environmental programs that are beneficial to the POs. Third, NGOs and POs engage when POs are threatened by elite power, and when NGOs want their environmental issues on LGU’s legislative agenda. Finally, NGOs and POs engage when they see possible LGU cooperation. Participant observation through focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants’ interview of different stakeholders was a primary source of information in formulating the aforementioned conclusions. In addition, stakeholders’ analysis and documentary analysis, i.e., books, print and non-print materials, video footage, monograph, were used as secondary sources of information. The author is solely responsible for any information found in this paper.</p>

Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: The Implementation and its Challenges

연안구역 관리지표는 연안통합관리의 정책수립 이행과정에 중요한 의사결정수단으로 활용되며, 통합적 관점에서 평가하고 부문별 상호작용을 이해하고 분석할 수 있는 유용한 도구이다. 이에 대부분의 국제사회기구와 선진 연안국들은 현 연안환경과 사회 경제적 상태를 정기적으로 점검하고 연안구역관리정책의 효과성을 파악하기 위하여 연안구역관리 지표체계를 개발하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내외 연안구역관리 지표체계를 크게 자연 환경적측면, 사회 경제적 측면, 네트워크 측면으로 구분해 각 차원별 연안구역관리 지표체계의 장 단점을 파악하고 비교 분석해 연안구역관리 지표체계의 특성을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 이 연구는 지속가능한 연안구역관리의 실현을 위한 관리수단, 다양한 이해관계자들의 과학적 의사결정수단, 연안통합관리의 실효성 평가수단, 연안구역관리 지표체계의 이원화 등을 선진사례의 공통된 특성으로 도출하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 국내외 연안구역관리 지표체계에서 나타난 공통의 가치를 바탕으로, 지역차원에서 국내 연안구역관리 지표의 올바른 설정을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. Coastal zone management indicators are being used as an important means of decision making in the process of policy establishment for integrated coastal management and implementation, and these indicators are very useful tools that enable the evaluation of the coastal zone management from an integrated perspective, the understanding and analysis of interactions according to each department. Accordingly, most of organizations in international society and advanced coastal states tend to develop coastal zone management indicator system in order to check current coastal environment, social and economic status, also to grasp effectiveness of the coastal zone management policy. In this research, therefore, the characteristics of coastal zone management indicator system was drawn through understanding of strength and weakness, and conducting comparative analysis of the coastal zone management indicator system according to each level having classified domestic and international coastal zone management indicator system into three aspects at large: natural and environmental aspect; social and economic aspect; and network aspect. As a result, following features were drawn as the common characteristics among the cases in the advanced coastal states: the management means for realization of sustainable coastal zone management; scientific decision making tools for various stakeholders; evaluation means for effectiveness of coastal zone integrated management; and dualization of coastal zone management indicator system; etc. Lastly, based on these common values revealed in the domestic and international coastal management indicator system, a suggestion for correct establishment of the domestic coastal management indicators was proposed in the regional aspect.

One model of ownership of access and the management of coastal and marine resources is a communal property widely applied to indigenous peoples who have ”hak ulayat” (customary rights) over coastal and marine areas. This article aims to analyze and deeply describe the traditional knowledge systems and coastal resource management of the Tobati-Enggros coastal fishermen. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and field observations. The data analysis is interpretive descriptive. The results showed the traditional maritime knowledge system in Tobati-Enggros fishers includes the nature of the marine coast, fishing gears, types of fishing, and fishing season. Management of Coastal Resources is also regulated in the Customary Authority under the leadership of ”Keondoafian” (tribal chief) by implementing Manjo in managing coastal resources. This shows that the existence of Manjo customary law and subsistence utilization patterns, based on traditional knowledge systems, the Tobati-Enggros fishing community has local wisdom values closely connected with the aim of marine conservation.

This study aims to analyze the level of sustainability of coastal resources in the Mentawai Islands District. As an area that has various potential resources. Many developments in coastal areas are essential means of regional economic growth. It turns out that development in coastal regions raises problems for their natural resources in the form of a decrease (degradation) of their natural resources in quality and quantity. The decline includes shrinking mangrove forests, decreasing fishers' catch, sedimentation, and coastal abrasion around coastal areas. The MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) analysis approach will be used to determine the status of coastal resources as a foundation for sustainable coastal resource management based on the carrying capacity of the resources. The investigation findings suggest that the Mentawai Islands District's coastline management situation is not promising. The index for the ecological dimension is 42.31. In the moderate category, the economic dimension of the sustainable development index has a value of 51.31. The sustainable development index has a social dimension of 50.01. This dimension's legal and institutional dimension index is 51.84. The Mentawai Islands district's coastal management has to improve, given the increasing pressure to develop coastal resources in the future.

Groundwater dynamics in subterranean estuaries of coastal unconfined aquifers: Controls on submarine groundwater discharge and chemical inputs to the ocean

A conceptual model to improve links between science, policy and practice in coastal management