Abstract
There has been increasing interest in time-restricted eating to attain intermittent fasting’s metabolic benefits. However, a more extended daily fast poses many challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 200-calorie fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) energy bar formulated to prolong ketogenesis and mitigate fasting-associated side effects. A randomized, controlled study was conducted comparing the impact of consuming an FMD bar vs. continued water fast, after a 15-h overnight fast. Subjects in the FMD group showed a 3-h postprandial beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level and 4-h postprandial BHB area under the curve (AUC0–4) that were non-inferior to those who continued with the water fast (p = 0.891 and p = 0.377, respectively). The postprandial glucose AUC0–4 in the FMD group was non-inferior to that in the water fast group (p = 0.899). A breakfast group served as a control, which confirmed that the instrument used in home glucose and ketone monitoring functioned as expected. The results indicate that FMD bar consumption does not interfere with the physiological ketogenesis associated with overnight fasting and could be used to facilitate the practice of time-restricted eating or intermittent fasting.
Highlights
Introductionintermittent fasting (IF) explores the fundamental biochemical mechanisms underlying the fasting-refeeding cycles that elicit defenses against oxidative and metabolic stress, promote cell/tissue repair during fasting and growth and rejuvenation during refeeding [6,7,8,9,10]
Due to the potential adverse effects associated with chronic dietary restriction and the challenges in following diet programs that affect the balanced intake of macronutrients and healthy foods such as vegetable, fruits, nuts and whole-grain cereals [5], new nutrition research has been focusing on intermittent fasting (IF)
The water fast group mean was 1.267 (0.529) mM·h and the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) bar group mean was 1.172 (0.336) mM·h for the area under the curve (AUC0–4 ) for BHB with a mean difference of −0.094 mM·h (Table 4)
Summary
IF explores the fundamental biochemical mechanisms underlying the fasting-refeeding cycles that elicit defenses against oxidative and metabolic stress, promote cell/tissue repair during fasting and growth and rejuvenation during refeeding [6,7,8,9,10]
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